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自70年代末期,電腦逐漸普及後,就有不少電腦族抱怨各種病狀,尤其在北歐的挪威報告所謂電腦終端機引起的不明皮膚疹,並於1982年正式報告,引起騷動。原始報告中指出電腦終端機工作時,會引起兩頰暫時性發紅,偶爾也會引起丘疹。
但瑞典在隨後從事的流行病學調查中,發現了酒糟、脂漏性皮膚炎,及痤瘡,在這群工作者中較多。並重新檢視原本挪威的患者,發現是酒糟及口圍炎,而不是甚麼新的奇怪皮膚病。
至於為何會有此種現象,也有學者作了研究,發現目前的電腦終端機,並不會有X光輻射,紫外線ABC的量也僅有現行瑞典工作安全的1%(UVA 10W/m2, UVBC 30J/m2),所以不太可能是惡化因素。另外靜電引起的灰塵吸附,沉澱在臉上,也沒有確實的證據。
目前也發現許多室內工作者都有相同的抱怨,室內空調、電敏感(電磁波)”electrical hypersensitivity (EH)”、密閉大樓(sick building syndrome,SBS) 都被認為有關,但所謂電敏感患者的癒後似乎比傳統的電腦終端機徵候群患者癒後差,特別是在女性。
1998年瑞典根據3000名隨機工作者的調查,2006年發表的報告,分析了25種VDU、EH、SBS的常見症狀如疲倦、頭重、頭痛、噁心、頭昏、無法集中精神、眼睛乾澀不適、鼻子不適、喉嚨乾、眼睛癢、臉乾、臉潮紅、臉部刺癢緊繃、身體癢及其他症狀(心臟不適、心悸、胸痛、喘不過氣、關節腫脹、咽喉異物感、口腔灼熱、手腳冰冷、頸或肩背痛)。發現在症狀上,三種後群稍有不同,每天在螢幕前工作4小時以上者較易有所謂電腦終端機徵候群。
目前則是對電磁波、螢幕閃光及工作壓力的影響,做進一步研究。
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相對其他一些運動而言,游泳既能健身又有樂趣,而且不像有些運動那麼辛苦,因而很多想通過運動減肥的人選擇了游泳。但經常聽到有人抱怨,每天游泳時間不短,可減肥效果很差,有的甚至越減越胖。 山東體育學院教授黃大鵬介紹說,從消耗人體熱量講,游泳無疑是非常好的運動。因為水對熱量的傳導速度是空氣的26倍,就是說,在相同溫度下,人在水裡熱能消耗是陸地上的20多倍,但為什麼有人游泳減肥效果不佳呢?
黃教授說:" 談到運動與減肥問題,首先要明白運動與能量消耗的機制。運動過程中,能量消耗分三個階段完成,分別是糖代謝、脂肪代謝、蛋白質代謝,減肥通過脂肪消耗達到效果。"
游泳在開始時,處於無氧運動階段。能量消耗主要靠糖的無氧酵解,這一階段的運動很激烈,人呼吸短促,供氧不足,根本不會動用到脂肪。再繼續運動下去,人體開始進入有氧運動時期。在隨後的一個小時裡,中等強度的運動狀態下,能量供應由糖的有氧代謝提供能量。這一個小時時間裡也還不會消耗脂肪。如果還堅持運動下去的話,才開始由脂肪的有氧代謝來消耗脂肪。因此,游泳要在至少一小時持續運動後才開始產生減肥效果,有些人運動時間不夠或運動量不夠,就不能收效。
黃教授提醒,游泳減肥還要同時注意節食。然而,人在運動後都有一個"超量恢復"的現象。簡單地講,就是人體為適應下一階段運動水平的提高,在每次運動後,都要攝入比以前更多的能量,這是人體的一種自我保護措施。所以,游泳之後人們常能吃得好睡得香,消耗熱量又補回來了,甚至比消耗的還多。因此,不注意節食,尤其運動一段時間後又停止,最容易使體重超過原來水平。這便是很多人運動減肥失敗的重要原因。
因此,體質瘦弱的人通過短期堅持不懈的游泳鍛煉,常能很快變得結實。而肥胖的人游泳之後常常也比以前更容易餓了,攝入的能量也更多了。游泳似乎更適合於想借此使自己變得更強壯的人,而不太適合利用它減肥的人,尤其是那些鍛煉不規律的減肥者。
黃教授舉例說,其實,只要對比一下游泳運動員就會發現,誰見過哪個游泳運動員是瘦削的?不管男女,一般體形比較豐滿、皮膚光滑圓潤,這就是皮下脂肪較多的表現。水的全面按摩作用及比人體溫低的水溫,容易催生人體皮下脂肪的生長。
轉載自 : http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/6/7/28/n1401205.htm
看了12/8即將上映的"墨攻"首映會
突然發現自己記不清楚"墨守成規"這個成語的緣由
於是上網查詢了一下, 以下是成語的典故… 🙂
電影蠻好看的~ 不過劉德華真的老了^^
「墨守成規」係由「墨守」及「成規」二語組合而成。「墨守」見於《戰國策.齊策六》。據載,戰國時,燕國派兵攻打齊國,攻下齊國七十幾個城池。其中一個叫「聊」的地方,也被燕軍佔領。此時燕國國內情勢混亂,燕將害怕受到牽連,引來殺身之禍,便一直據守在聊城不敢回國。齊國大將田單想要將它收復,但努力一年多都沒有成功。當時齊國有一位叫魯仲連的人,寫了一封信,將它綁在箭上射進城中給燕軍的將領看。信裡的大意是向燕將分析當前的情勢,說有勇之人不應怕死,況且目前燕國情勢混亂,又被趙國圍攻,燕王沒有忠心之臣可以信賴。而燕軍以區區一城的兵力,便能抵擋齊國大軍,固守聊城一年,實在了不起啊!但是齊國是絕對不會放棄聊城的,會堅持到收復為止,這樣還能在這小城裡撐多久呢?勸他不如將這些軍力帶回燕國,不但可以幫助祖國度過難關,又可以建立自己的功績名聲。燕將看了信後,覺得很有道理,便收兵回國了。這裡的典源用了「墨翟之守」。在《墨子》裡記載:故,來比喻燕軍的固守聊城。《墨子》裡記載:有一次,楚國要攻打宋國。當時有名的工匠魯班特地為楚國造了一座雲梯,做為攻城之用。墨子聽了趕緊去找魯班,跟他在楚王面前預演,要證明這座雲梯沒有用處,讓楚王打消攻宋的念頭。墨子用衣帶圈起來當城池,用木板當武器,魯班連用了九種方法進攻都沒有成功,而墨子守禦的方法還有餘。這就是所謂的「墨翟之守」。魯仲連便用這個故事來形容燕將的軍隊,固守聊城就如墨子守城一般,難以攻下。「成規」則見於《三國志.卷四四.蔣琬等傳》。三國時,蜀漢國君劉備臨終前將國家大事託付諸葛亮,輔佐後主劉禪。而諸葛亮也不付所託,鞠躬盡瘁,死於軍中。諸葛亮的去世原本可能會為蜀漢帶來危機,所幸大臣蔣琬和費褘執政得宜,循著諸葛亮留下來的舊制做事,穩定了國家的情勢。所以《三國志》的作者陳壽在兩人的傳記之後說他們兩人一個穩重有威,一個寬容博愛,「承諸葛之成規」,所以邊境和平,社會安樂。後來分取這兩個典源合用成「墨守成規」,用來指固守舊規不肯改變,形容行事保守。
Hello from my home in Denali,
I have had over 1000 e-mails and letters of congratulations and questions. Thank you for your interest and support! It is fun to know that so many people are excited about the very same thing that is exciting to me. I’m sorry that I cannot answer each e-mail and letter individually, but I think that my dogs and family would miss me if I even tried. So, here is my best effort in answering some of the most-asked questions.
I began mushing here in Denali my first winter, the winter of 1975. The sport combines my love of the dogs, the outdoors and competition. I raced a few races over the next few years until I ran my first Iditarod in 1981. I finished the race in 28th place and with pneumonia! It was awesome to race beside some of the Iditarod Greats, such as Joe Reddington, Sr. and Herbie Nayokpuk. My next 1000 mile race was then in 1984 when I ran the Yukon Quest International Sled Dog Race for my first time. It was the very first year of that event. I enjoyed mushing across new country and the challenges of the race. I continued to race the Yukon Quest through 1990. I won in 1989. In 1991, I ran my second Iditarod and have been running in it ever since. I compete in 4 to 6 races each season. As you read this, I have just finished the Kobuk 440 race in Kotzebue, the last long-distance race of the season.
We have a kennel of an average of 75-80 dogs. The race-aged adults average about 30. The rest of the kennel is primarily pups waiting to mature and train until it is their time to race competitively. The kennel also includes a few older dogs that help train the pups or just enjoy retirement. Any dogs that are not chosen to race with our team are sold to other racing teams. We enjoyed seeing many of our dogs finish in Nome this March with other top teams in the event. In most cases, the dogs must be between 1-4 years old before we will know if they make our team. That is why we do not usually sell puppies. We like to watch them grow up and mature before we can make a decision on whether they can make our high quality, high performance team.
Our dogs are trained and exercised year-round. The training regimen is determined by each dog’s age and ability. Free–running, swimming, playing in Donna’s Agility Arena, and training in harness are just some of the physical activities that our dogs enjoy. Our dogs are highly social and self confident. They are handled regularly by our summer guests and staff from the time they are one week old. We enjoy sharing our life and our dogs with visitors during the summer months here in Denali. If you are ever in the area, come and visit Husky Homestead Tours!
This year’s Iditarod team included Salem, Houston, Aspen, Bronte, Dickens, Angus, Holstein, Tahoe, Rumba, Lindy, Tin, Texas, Bernard, Spaniel, Claire and Berkley.
Salem received the Golden Harness award for this year’s Iditarod. The team was beyond fantastic and it is a young team as well. I look forward to watching these dogs continue to excel in the years to come.
I understand that the Outdoor Life Network has recently shown programs featuring Iditarod 2006. We do not get TV here, so if any of you managed to get a copy of the programs, we would love to see it! (PO Box 48, Denali Park, AK 99755). Thanks!
Thank you once again for your letters. It was a wonderful race for us this year and I’m glad that you were able to follow it and enjoy it as well.
Happy Trails,
Jeff
PS – Thanks for the photos!